Question

The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of

• A. Convergent evolution
• B. Analogy
• C. Homology
• D. Adaptive radiation

Answer 1

The correct option is C Homology

The homologous organs are those organs which have a common ancestral origin. These are similar in basic structures but perform different functions. The same structures develop along different directions in different organisms due to their adaptations to separate needs because of their different habitats. This type of evolution is called divergent evolution. Homology indicates common ancestry.

Hence, homologous organs are the products of divergent evolution.

For example - whales, bats, cheetahs and humans are vertebrates that have similarities in the pattern of arrangement of bones in their forelimbs but these organs perform different functions in these animals.

Forelimbs of bats are modified to wings for flying, in whales they are modified to flippers for swimming, in cheetahs they are modified to front legs for walking/running and in humans they help in holding or lifting things.

Hence, the similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of homology.