The spines of a cactus plant are modified
(a) stems.
(b) leaves.
(c) roots.
(d) flowers.
(b) leaves.
Most species of cacti have lost true leaves, having only spines, which are highly modified leaves, as well as defending against herbivores. Spines help prevent water loss by reducing airflow close to the cactus. In the absence of leaves, enlarged stems carry out photosynthesis. These adaptations allow cactus species to grow in hot and dry places.