The substance X normally exists in a physical state which can flow easily but does not fill its vessel completely. It also turns anhydrous copper sulphate blue. When substance X is cooled excessively, it changes into a substance Y which has a fixed shape as well as a fixed volume. If, however, the substance X is heated strongly, it changes into a substance Z which has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.

(a) Name the substances (i) X (ii) Y and (iii) Z.
(b) What is the process of conversion of X into Y known as ?
(c) At which temperature X gets converted into Y ?
(d) What is the process of conversion of X into Z known as ?
(e) At which temperature X gets converted into Z ?

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Solution

(a) the substances X, Y and Z are water, ice and steam, respectively.
(b) The process of conversion of X into Y is known as freezing
(c) At 0°C X is converted to Y.
(d) Boiling or vaporization is the name of the process of conversion of X to Z.
(e) At 100°C X gets converted to Z.

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The substance X normally exists in a physical state which can flow easily but does not fill its vessel completely. It also turns anhydrous copper sulphate blue. When substance X is cooled excessively, it changes into a substance Y which has a fixed shape as well as a fixed volume, If, however, the substance X is heated strongly, it changes into a substance Z which has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.

(a) Name the substance. (i) X (ii) Y and (iii) Z.

(b) What is the process of conversion of X into Y known as?

(d) What is the process of conversion of X into Z known as?

(e) At which temperature X gets converted into Z?

There are three substances X, Y and Z. The substance X does not have a fixed melting point or boiling point and it still shows the individual properties of its constituents. The substance Y is a pure substance which occurs in nature as such. The substance Y has a fixed melting point and boiling point but it cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical means. The substance Z is also a pure substance whose properties are entirely different from those of its constituents. The substance Z can, however, be divided by electrolysis into two substances which belong to the same class of substances as Y.

(a) What type of substance could X be? Name one substance like X.

(b) What type of substance could Y be? Name one substance like Y.

(d) Which process involves absorption or release of an appreciable amount of energy: formation of substances X or formation of substance Z?

(e) Name the three groups into which all the substances like Y are divided on the basis of their properties.

The scientists now say that there are actually five states of matter A, B, C, D and E. The state A has a fixed volume but no fixed shape. The sate B can be compressed very easily by applying pressure and state C has a fixed shape as well as a fixed volume. The state D is a mixture of free electrons and ions whereas state E is named after an Indian scientist and a famous Physicist.

(a) Name the physical states (i) A (ii) B (iii) C (iv) D and (v) E.

(b) Name one substance belonging to state C which can directly change into vapours on heating. What is this process known as?

(d) Name the most common substance belonging to state A.

(e) Which state of matter makes the sun and other stars to glow?

Q. A substance X dissolves very fast when put into a solvent Y at

25^{\circ} C

.
A substance Z dissolves comparatively slowly when put into solvent Y at

25^{\circ} C

.
So, I conclude: substance X has more solubility than substance Z.

Q. When water is heated to a temperature x, it gets converted into steam at temperature x by a process called R. And when steam at temperature x is cooled, it gets reconverted into water at the same temperature x by a process called S.

(a) How much is the value of x in Kelvin ?
(b) What is the process R called ?
(c) What is the name of the energy absorbed during the process R ?
(d) What is process S known as ?
(e) What is the name of energy released during the process S known as ?

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(a) the substances X, Y and Z are water, ice and steam, respectively.(b) The process of conversion of X into Y is known as freezing(c) At 0°C X is converted to Y.(d) Boiling or vaporization is the name of the process of conversion of X to Z.(e) At 100°C X gets converted to Z.

(a) the substances X, Y and Z are water, ice and steam, respectively.
(b) The process of conversion of X into Y is known as freezing
(c) At 0°C X is converted to Y.
(d) Boiling or vaporization is the name of the process of conversion of X to Z.
(e) At 100°C X gets converted to Z.