The term 'chromosome' literally means
Coloured bodies
A chromosome is a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes. The chromosomes of a cell are in the cell nucleus. They carry the genetic information. Chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein combined as chromatin. In most cells, humans have 22 pairs of these chromosomes plus the two sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males) for a total of 46. The word chromosome was originally coined in German from the Greek words chroma, meaning colour, and soma meaning body.