The correct option is D recombinant DNA technology
The terms ‘microinjection’, biolistic’s and ‘disarmed pathogen vector’ are related to recombinant DNA technology. Disarmed pathogen vector, gene gun (biolistic) and microinjection are all viable techniques to insert foreign DNA into the host cell.
Microinjection method is one where the recommended DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of the animal cell.
In the gene gun method, the bombardments on plant cell with high-velocity microparticles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA is done which is known as biolistic or gene gun.
The pathogen vectors are allowed to infect the cell and transfer the recombinant DNA into the host cell which is known as the retroviral vector method.