The top of the lake is frozen. The air in contact with the surface of lake is at $- 15^{o} C$ . Then the maximum temperature of the water in contact with the lower surface of ice will be

- {7.5}^{o} C

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- 4^{o} C

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0^{o} C

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4^{o} C

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Solution

The correct option is B $0^{o} C$
Consider a thin elemental sheet of thickness $d x$ in contact with the lower surface of the ice.
For the Thin sheet will be in equilibrium with the ice, no heat will flow between them. For this the necessary condition is for them to have a common temperature (triple point of water) which is $0^{\circ} C$ and will be the only temperature of the water in contact with the bottom sheet of ice. (temperature at lower levels of the water will be > 0)

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The top of the lake is frozen. The air in contact with the surface of lake is at −15oC. Then the maximum temperature of the water in contact with the lower surface of ice will be

The top of the lake is frozen. The air in contact with the surface of lake is at $- 15^{o} C$ . Then the maximum temperature of the water in contact with the lower surface of ice will be