Trapping of sun’s heat in the lower atmosphere due to increase in the pollution causing gases like carbon dioxide is called greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane and ozone, nitrous oxide etc.
Sun’s radiation is partly absorbed by earth and rest of the radiations are reflected back to the atmosphere. But the greenhouse gases form blanket in the atmosphere and traps the radiation from escaping. This causes an increase in earth’s temperature resulting in Global warming.