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Question

The uncertainty principle and the concept of the wave nature of matter were proposed by _______and _________ respectively.
1. De Broglie, Heisenberg
2. Heisenberg; de Broglie
3. Heisenberg; Einstein
4. Einstein; de Broglie

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Solution

In 1927, Werner Heisenberg presented a principle known as Heisenberg uncertainty principle which states as : "It is impossible to measure simultaneously the exact position and exact momentum of a body as small as an electron."
In 1924. a French physicist, Louis De Broglie suggested that if the nature of light is both that of a particle and of a wave, then this dual behavior should be true for the matter also.

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The French physicist Louis de Broglie in 1924 postulated that matter, like radiation, should exhibit a dual behaviour. He proposed the following relationship between the wavelengh λ of a material particle, its linear momentum p and planck constant h. λ=hp=hmv
The de Broglie relation implies that the wavelength of a particle should decrease as its velocity increases. It also implies that for a given velocity heavier particles should have shorter wavelength than lighter particles. The waves differ from the electromagnetic waves as they
(i) have lower velocities
(ii) have no electrical and magnetic fields and
(iii) are not emitted by the particle under consideration.
The experimental confirmation of the de Broglie relation was obtained when Davisson and Germer, in 1927, observed that a beam of electrons is diffron behaves as a wave, as proposed by de Broglie. Wemer Heisenberg considered the limits of how precisely we can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particle like electron. He determined that there is a fundametal limit of how closely we can measure both position and mometum. The more accurately we measure the mokmentum of a particle, the less accurately we can determine its position. The converse is also true. This is summed up in what we now call the "Heisenberg uncertainty principle; It is impossible to determine simultanously and precisely both the momentum and position of a particle. The product of uncertainty in the position, Δx and the uncertainty in the momentum Δ(mv) must be greater than or equal to h4π i.e. ΔxΔ(mv)h4π.
The correct order of wavelength of hydrogen (1H1), Deuterium (1H2) and Tritium(1H3) moving with same kinetic energy is ::
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