The unpaired electrons in Al and Si are present in 3p orbital. Which electrons will experience more effective nuclear charge from the nucleus?

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Solution

Nuclear charge is defined as the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multielectron atom. The higher the atomic number, the higher is the nuclear charge. Silicon has 14 protons while aluminium has 13 protons. Hence, silicon has a larger nuclear charge of (+14) than aluminium, which has a nuclear charge of (+13). Thus, the electrons in the 3p orbital of silicon will experience a more effective nuclear charge than aluminium.

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