The variation of potential energy (U) with position (x) of a system is shown in the figure. The conservative force acting on the system is best represented by
A
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B
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C
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D
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Solution
The correct option is A We know that, for a conservative force, F=−dUdx=− slope of U−x curve
(i) Between O and x1,
The slope of the U−x curve is constant and positive.
Thus, F should be constant and negative. (ii) Between x1 and x2,
The slope of the U−x curve is zero.
Thus, F should be zero. (iii) Between x2 and x3,
The slope of the U−x curve is constant and negative.
Thus, F should be constant and positive.
Based on the above analysis, option (a) is correct. Why this question ?Bottom line : If the magnitude of slope is the same for two regions, then equal magnitude forces are acting in those regions.