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Question

The velocity of a liquid (v) in steady flow at a location through cylindrical pipe is given by v = v0 (1 r2 R2), where r is the radial distance of that location from the axis of the pipe and R is the inner radius of the pipe, if R = 10 cm, volume flow rate through the pipe is π/2 × 102 m2s1 and the coefficient of viscosity of the liquid is 0.75 N s m2

A
Magnitude of the viscous force per unit area at r = 4 cm is 6 N/m2
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B
Maximum velocity of flow of liquid is 1 m/s
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C
Viscous force per unit area increases with radial distance
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D
Viscous force per unit area decreases with radial distance
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Solution

The correct options are
A Magnitude of the viscous force per unit area at r = 4 cm is 6 N/m2
B Maximum velocity of flow of liquid is 1 m/s
C Viscous force per unit area increases with radial distance
Magnitude of viscous force, F = ηAdvdr
Viscous force per unit area τ = FA = ηdvdr
v = v0 (1 r2R2)dvdr = 2v0rR2 (i) τ = η.2v0rR2
From above equation, we can conclude that viscous force per unit area increases with radial distance.

Consider an annular element at distance r from axis having width dr
dA = 2πrdrdQ = V.dA = v0 (1 r2R2)2πrdrQ = dQ = 2πv0 (r22r44R2]R0 = π2R2v0v0 = 2QπR2 τ = η.4QπR4.r, (from equation (i)) where R = 0.1 m At r = 0.04 m, τ = 0.75×4×π2×102×0.04π×104 = 6 N/m2
Also, maximum velocity will be at r=0 which is equal to v0=2QπR2=1 m/s

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