Question

The volume of air in the lungs and the rate at which it is exchanged during inspiration and expiration was measured. The following diagram shows a group of the lung volumes and capacities:

Study the diagram carefully and explain briefly the following :(a) Tidal volume
(b) Inspiratory reserve volume
(c) Expiratory reserve v
(d) Vital capacity
(e) Residual volume
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Answer 1

(a)

• The volume of air in the lungs and the rate at which it is exchanged during inspiration and expiration was measured.
• Tidal volume is the measurement of the normal breathing of a human being.
• The regular breathe in and breathe out is measure using tidal volume and in this diagram, the tidal volume is 500 ml.

(b)

• Inspiratory reserve volume is more like stacked breathing that is inhaled with force in times after regular tidal volume.
• Inspiratory reserve volume is also known as IRV is more like a reserved source for breathing that is inhaled when necessary.
• The inspiratory reserve volume in this diagram is 3000 ml.

(c)

• The Expiratory Reserve Volume in this diagram is 1000 ml.
• Expiratory reserve volume is also known as ERV, and it differs between the male and female respiratory systems.
• The ERV in a male respiratory system is 1100 ml and in a female respiratory system, it is 800 ml.

(d)

• Vital capacity is the level at which a human is able to inhale at a certain level and exhale at a certain level.
• The vital capacity in this diagram is 4500 ml.
• Vital capacity is measured from the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory volume.

(e)

• The residual volume in this diagram is 1500 ml.
• Residual volume is the left out air from every level and volume of inspiration and expiration.
• Residual volume is the expiration that is forced out, it is the air that is left out in the lungs.