The youngsters who are ravaging France realize that they do not have a future. That is why they are burning cars. Unemployment is high and concentrated amongst French minorities because of specific labour market institutions. France has strict hiring and firing regulation that make it costly to dismiss workers and thus reduce job creation.________________

Salaries cannot fall below a legislated minimum wage, which is so high that the least productive and least skilled workers remain shut out of the labour market

No worries! We‘ve got your back. Try BYJU‘S free classes today!

Those with a job are protected, those without one are hurt

Right on! Give the BNAT exam to get a 100% scholarship for BYJUS courses

Wages are set in centralized negotiation by monopolistic unions and apply throughout the economy.

No worries! We‘ve got your back. Try BYJU‘S free classes today!

The unions don’t care if the sons and daughters of immigrants living in ghettos have no opportunity of even starting a working life

No worries! We‘ve got your back. Try BYJU‘S free classes today!

Open in App

Solution

The correct option is B Those with a job are protected, those without one are hurt
option (b)
The paragraph is about the current unrest in France and the reason for it. One reason is unemployment which is due to labour-market institutions. The paragraph ends with the strict hiring and firing regulations that France has, option (b) follows as a logical consequence of this policy
option (a) and (c) can be eliminated as they talk about salaries, when the focus is ‘unemployment’. Option (d) talks about a union, which does not exist in the paragraph question

Suggest Corrections

Similar questions

Q. Stripping terrorists of their citizenship is tempting for governments and satisfying for voters. It allays concerns that jihadists may recruit and radicalise susceptible inmates while in prison, or that they might one day again roam France and wreak havoc.
The symbolism-that a person waging war against France is no longer French-is politically popular: three-quarters of French people support Mr Hollande's proposal, according to a recent poll. Yet many on France's left see it differently. They say that the planned law could foment radicalisation by sending the message to dual-citizen Muslims that they are less French than the rest of society and, by creating unequal categories of citizenship, betray the cherished "egalite" enshrined in France's constitution.

When Donald Trump became the president of the United States, as a part of his immigration policy, he placed restrictions on the issue of H-1B visas which allows US employers to employ foreign workers in speciality occupations. This policy has affected many Indian IT firms like Infosys and Wipro that are located in the US because they hire many immigrants from India for cheap and skilled labour.

What characteristic trait of international business is highlighted here?

Q. A statistical study has yielded the result that a certain section of the society remains poor because the children of school going age are doing manual labour. Hence, when they become adults of this community they would not have the sufficient knowledge and skills to get high paying jobs. As an economist, what policy would you recommend for this situation?

The Taft-Hartley Act, passed by the United States Congress in 1947, gave states the power to enact “right-to-work” legislation that prohibits union shop agreements. According to such an agreement, a labour union negotiates wages and working conditions for all workers in a business, and all workers are required to belong to the union. Since 1947, 20 states have adopted right-to-work laws. Much of the literature concerning right-to-work laws implies that such legislation has not actually had a significant impact. This point of view, however, has not gone uncriticized. Thomas V. Carroll has proposed that the conclusions drawn by previous researchers are attributable to their myopic focus on the premise that, unless right-to-work laws significantly reduce union membership within a state, they have no effect. Carroll argues that the right-to-work laws “do matter” in that such laws generate differences in real wages across states. Specifically, Carroll indicates that while right-to-work laws may not “destroy” unions by reducing the absolute number of unionized workers, they do impede the spread of unions and thereby reduce wages within right-to-work states. Because the countervailing power of unions is weakened in right-to-work states, manufacturers and their suppliers can act cohesively in competitive labour markers, thus lowering wages in the affected industries.

Such a finding has important implications regarding the demographics of employment and wages in right-to-work states. Specifically, if right-to-work laws lower wages by weakening union power, minority workers can be expected to suffer a relatively greater economic disadvantage in right-to-work states than in union shop states. This is so because, contrary to what was once thought, unions tend to have a significant positive impact on the economic position of minority workers, especially Black workers, relative to White workers. Most studies concerned with the impact of unionism on the Black worker’s economic position relative to the White workers have concentrated on the changes in Black wages due to union membership. That is, they have concentrated on union versus non-union groups. In a pioneering study, however, Ashenfelter finds that these studies overlook an important fact: although craft unionism increase the differential between the wages of White workers and Black workers due to the traditional exclusion of minority workers from unions in the craft sectors of the labour market, strong positive wage gains are made by Black workers within industrial unions. In fact, Ashenfelter estimates that industrial unionism decreases the differential between the wages of Black workers and White workers by about 3 percent. If state right-to-work laws weaken the economic power of unions to raise wages, Black workers will experience a disproportionate decline in their relative wage positions. Black workers in right-to-work states would therefore experience a decline in their relative economic positions unless there is strong economic growth in right-to-work states, creating labor shortages and thereby driving up wages.

Which one of the following best describes the passage as a whole?

They said that they would create a desk job for Hooper at headquarters.

(i) Who are 'they'?

(ii) Why did they decide to do this?

Join BYJU'S Learning Program