Base cations are defined as the most prevalent, exchangeable and weak acid cations in the soil.
Base cations include ions such as calcium (Ca
2+
), magnesium (Mg
2+
) potassium (K+
) and sodium
(Na+
). These ions, except for Na+
, are nutrients for forest ecosystems and vegetation and are thus of
importance for the sustainability of ecosystem. The base cations occur in air in the particulate
phase. In precipitation, base cations are to a large part dissolved and occur as ions. A part of the
base cations available to the environment come from rock weathering.