Three different atoms of hydrogen are represented as ${}_{1}^{1}H; {}_{1}^{2}H; {}_{1}^{3}H$ . What factor is responsible for change in superscripts $1, 2$ and $3$ though the element is same?

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Solution

Atom is represented with its symbol having an atomic number in subscript and mass number in superscript. Symbolic representation is mentioned below :
Hence, superscripts $1, 2$ and $3$ represents different mass number of the atom ${}_{1}^{1}H; {}_{1}^{2}H; {}_{1}^{3}H$ respectively.
The mass number of elements is equal to the sum of the total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom.
$Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons$
Now, the number of protons is the same in all atoms due to the same atomic number, therefore mass numbers must be different due to the number of neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom.
According to the formula, ${}_{1}^{1}H$ will have one proton only i.e. no neutron is present there. The atom ${}_{1}^{2}H$ will have one neutron and ${}_{1}^{3}H$ has two neutrons.

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