Question

The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is called:

• A. Nitrogen fixation
• B. Moulding
• C. Fermentation
• D. Infection

Answer 1

The correct option is C

Fermentation

The correct option is C.

Explanation of the correct option:

1. Fermentation is the process through which the anaerobic respiration of microorganisms produces lactic acid or alcohol with the emission of carbon dioxide.
2. By fermentation, yeasts may convert carbohydrates to alcohol and carbon dioxide.
3. Fermentation is a preservation method that creates lactic acid, which is present in sour foods such as pickled cucumbers, kombucha, kimchi, and yoghurt.
4. It is common knowledge that S. cerevisiae is the most commonly utilised agent in the process of alcoholic fermentation.
5. In the fermentation industry, this yeast is often employed as a microbial starter.
6. S. cerevisiae becomes a dominant species during alcoholic fermentation of fruits and juices as a result of their strong selective environment, given the low pH and high ethanol and sugar concentrations with anaerobic conditions.

Explanation of the incorrect options:

Option A:

Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process that converts molecular nitrogen $\left({\mathrm{N}}_2\right)$ in the air into ammonia $\left({\mathrm{NH}}_3\right)$ or other nitrogenous chemicals in soil or aquatic environments.

Option B:

Moulding is the technique of moulding liquid or malleable raw material using a rigid frame known as a mould or matrix.

Option D:

Infection is defined as the invasion of disease-causing pathogens into an organism's bodily tissues, their proliferation, and the response of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they create.

Final Answer: the process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is called fermentation.