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Question
Transgenic animals are produced by inserting foreign genes into the __________.
Transgenic animals are produced by inserting foreign genes into the __________.
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Solution
The correct option is A both a and b
Transgenic animals have a foreign gene deliberately inserted into their genome. Introduction of the foreign gene into the host organism is done for the expression of the inserted gene in that organism to get the desired trait/product.
The transgenic animals are mostly created by microinjecting the transgene (desired gene) into one of the pronuclei of a fertilized egg. A pronucleus is the haploid nucleus of either the sperm or egg, both present in the fertilized egg prior to their fusion.
This results in a genetically modified offspring (GMO). The progeny are then bred with other transgenic offspring to establish a transgenic line.
Transgenic animals can also be created by inserting DNA into the embryonic cells. These cells are then micro-injected into an embryo which has developed for five or six days after fertilisation.
The gene is not injected into the cytoplasm of sperm as it needs to be added to the genome (for gene expression). Mere addition into cytoplasm would expose it to multiple barriers, one of which might be its degradation by the nucleases present in the cytoplasm.
Fig: Insertion of transgene into fertilized egg
Transgenic animals have a foreign gene deliberately inserted into their genome. Introduction of the foreign gene into the host organism is done for the expression of the inserted gene in that organism to get the desired trait/product.
The transgenic animals are mostly created by microinjecting the transgene (desired gene) into one of the pronuclei of a fertilized egg. A pronucleus is the haploid nucleus of either the sperm or egg, both present in the fertilized egg prior to their fusion.
This results in a genetically modified offspring (GMO). The progeny are then bred with other transgenic offspring to establish a transgenic line.
Transgenic animals can also be created by inserting DNA into the embryonic cells. These cells are then micro-injected into an embryo which has developed for five or six days after fertilisation.
The gene is not injected into the cytoplasm of sperm as it needs to be added to the genome (for gene expression). Mere addition into cytoplasm would expose it to multiple barriers, one of which might be its degradation by the nucleases present in the cytoplasm.
Fig: Insertion of transgene into fertilized egg
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