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Question
Two bacteria most useful in genetic engineering are
Two bacteria most useful in genetic engineering are
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Solution
The correct option is B Escherichia and Agrobacterium
Genetic engineering
The modification of the genetic material (RNA or DNA) of organisms to use them to produce commercially important substances is called genetic engineering.
Escherichia
Escherichia is a bacteria that is widely used in biotechnology as a host organism. It is used for cloning and recombinant gene expression.
Agrobacterium
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterial plant pathogen that carries the Ti plasmid or tumour inducing plasmid (extrachromosomal DNA). The T-DNA segment of the Ti plasmid integrates itself into the plant cell’s genome to induce tumor formation in plants. This property of the plasmid makes it an effective vector for transferring foreign genes into plant cells.
Rhizobium
Rhizobium is a bacterium that forms a symbiotic relationship with the roots of leguminous plants. It helps in fixing atmospheric nitrogen which is used by the plant for its growth and development.
Azotobacter
Azotobacter is a free-living bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, which is taken up and utilised by the plants.
Diplococcus
Diplococcus is a Gram-positive bacterium that occurs in pairs of cocci. Diplococcus pneumoniae causes pharyngitis, tracheitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, etc. Nitrosomonas
Final answer
b.
Genetic engineering
The modification of the genetic material (RNA or DNA) of organisms to use them to produce commercially important substances is called genetic engineering.
Escherichia
Escherichia is a bacteria that is widely used in biotechnology as a host organism. It is used for cloning and recombinant gene expression.
Agrobacterium
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterial plant pathogen that carries the Ti plasmid or tumour inducing plasmid (extrachromosomal DNA). The T-DNA segment of the Ti plasmid integrates itself into the plant cell’s genome to induce tumor formation in plants. This property of the plasmid makes it an effective vector for transferring foreign genes into plant cells.
Rhizobium
Rhizobium is a bacterium that forms a symbiotic relationship with the roots of leguminous plants. It helps in fixing atmospheric nitrogen which is used by the plant for its growth and development.
Azotobacter
Azotobacter is a free-living bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, which is taken up and utilised by the plants.
Diplococcus
Diplococcus is a Gram-positive bacterium that occurs in pairs of cocci. Diplococcus pneumoniae causes pharyngitis, tracheitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, etc. Nitrosomonas
Final answer
b.
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