Two bodies at different temperatures are mixed in a calorimeter. Which of the following quantities remains conserved?

(a) Sum of the temperatures of the two bodies
(b) Total heat of the two bodies
(c) Total internal energy of the two bodies
(d) Internal energy of each body

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Solution

(c) Total internal energy of the two bodies

When two bodies at different temperatures are mixed in the calorimeter, heat flows from one body to the other due to the temperature difference. This results in change in the internal energy of the individual bodies. There is no exchange of heat with the surrounding in the calorimeter. Thus, the total internal energy of the bodies remain conserved as no external work is done on them.

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(b) Work done by a body against friction always results in a loss of its kinetic / potential energy.

(c) The rate of change of total momentum of a many-particle system is proportional to the external force / sum of the internal forces on the system.

(b) Total energy of a system is always conserved, no matter what internal and external forces on the body are present.

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