Two cells of emfs $E_{1}$ and $E_{2}$ are connected in series. Their internal resistances are $r_{1}$ and $r_{2}$ respectively. Compute the equivalent emf and equivalent internal resistance.

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Solution

When two cells are connected in series, the equivalent emf would be $E_{1} + E_{2}$ and the equivalent internal resistance would be $r_{1} + r_{2}$ .

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(IIT-JEE 1997)