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Question

Two cross-sections of stem and root appear simple, when viewed by the naked eye. But under microscope, they can be differentiated by

A
exarch condition of root and stem
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B
endarch condition of stem and root
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C
endarch condition of root and exarch condition of the stem
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D
endarch condition of stem and exarch condition of the root
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Solution

The correct option is D endarch condition of stem and exarch condition of the root
Exarch and endarch conditions are based on the position of the protoxylem and the metaxylem. Protoxylem and metaxylem are the two types of primary xylem. Protoxylem is the first formed primary xylem element. Metaxylem is the primary xylem that is formed after the protoxylem.

In stem and roots, the protoxylem and metaxylem are arranged in two different ways. In stem, the protoxylem and metaxylem are placed towards the centre and periphery, respectively. This is known as endarch condition. Here, the development is from the inside to the outside. In roots, the protoxylem and metaxylem are arranged towards the periphery and centre, respectively. This is known as the exarch condition. Here, the development is from the outside to the inside.


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