Two resistances R1 and R2 are joined as shown in the figure to two batteries of e.m.f. E1and E2. If E2is short-circuited, the current through R1 is
After short circuiting, R2 becomes meaningless.
Two cells of emf E1 and E2 are joined in opposition (such that E1>E2). If r1 and r2 be the internal resistance and R be the external resistance, then the terminal potential difference is
If there are n cells of emf E1, E2, …En and of internal resistances r1, r2, …rn , connected in parallel, the combination is equivalent to a cell of emf Eeq such that