Under what condition will the following rections go in the forward direction?
(i) $N_{2} (g) + 3 H_{2} (g) ⇌ 2 N H_{3} (g) + 23 k c a l$
(ii) $2 S O_{2} (g) + O_{2} (g) ⇌ 2 S O_{3} (g) + 45 k c a l$

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Solution

$(1)$ $N_{2} (g) + 3 H_{2} (g) ⇋ N H_{3} (g) + 23 K C a l$
Net reaction will go in forward direction when concentration of reactant is
also, $△ n g = 2 - 4 = - 2$
When pressure is increased and volume is decreased, net reaction goes in forward direction.
Also, since the heat is added to the product side, the given reaction is endothermic and by increasing the temperature, the reaction can be directed to the forward direction.

$(2)$ $2 {S O}_{2} (g) + O_{2} (g) ⇋ 2 S O_{3} (g) + 45 K C a l$
The net reaction will go in a forward direction when a concentration of reactant is increased and the concentration of product is decreased.
Also, as $Δ n g = 2 - 3 = - 1$ , thus decrease in pressure will cause the net reaction to move in a forward direction.
Increase in temperature will also direct the reaction in a forward direction.

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