Question

"Upstream process" in preparation of alcohol in biotechnology includes

• A. All processes before fermentation
• B. All processes during fermentation
• C. All processes after fermentation
• D. Flavouring and ripening of alcohol

Answer 1

The correct option is A All processes before fermentation

"Upstream process" in preparation of alcohol in biotechnology includes all process before fermentation.

Therapeutic cell manufacturing processes can be separated into upstream processes and downstream processes. The upstream process is defined as the entire process from early cell isolation and cultivation, to cell banking and culture expansion of the cells until final harvest (termination of the culture and collection of the live cell batch). The upstream part of a bioprocess refers to the first step in which microbes/cells are grown, e.g., bacterial or mammalian cell lines, in bioreactors. Upstream processing involves all the steps related with inoculum development, media development, improvement of inoculum by genetic engineering process, optimization of growth kinetics so that product development can improve tremendously. Fermentation has two parts: upstream and downstream.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.