URL starting with https: require.
URL starting with https: require Secure socked layer connection.
After the secure connection is made, the session key is used to encrypt all transmitted data. Browser connects to a web server (website) secured with SSL (https). Browser requests that the server identify itself. Server sends a copy of its SSL Certificate, including the server's public key.
SSL (Secure Socket Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) works on top of the transport layer, in your examples TCP. TLS can be used for more or less any protocol, HTTPS is just one common instance of it. In regular, non-encrypted HTTP, the protocol stack can look like this: HTTP.
The browser requests that the web server identify itself. The server sends the browser a copy of its SSL certificate. ... The server sends back a digitally signed acknowledgement to start an SSL encrypted session. Encrypted data is shared between the browser and the server.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS), or “HTTP Secure,” is an application-specific implementation that is a combination of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) with the SSL/TLS. HTTPS is used to provide encrypted communication with and secure identification of a Web server.