‘Valency is also the number of electrons -donated or accepted by an atom so as to achieve the stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas’.With reference to this definition.
b) State why the valency of-
(i) Sodium, Magnesium and Aluminum are +1,+2, and +3 respectively.
‘Valency is also the number of electrons -donated or accepted by an atom so as to achieve the stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas’.With reference to this definition.
b) State why the valency of-
(i) Sodium, Magnesium and Aluminum are +1,+2, and +3 respectively.
Understanding the concept: As we know, the number of electrons that participate in bond formation by an atom is called valency.
Metals lose electrons while nonmetals gain electrons to attain a stable noble gas configuration.
Explanation of valency: The electrons are distributed in different shells called orbits or energy levels present around the nucleus of an atom. These energy levels contain a definite number of electrons depending upon the distance from the nucleus of an atom.
According to the octet rule, an atom should complete an outermost shell to attain a stable noble gas configuration. Thus an atom loses its electron or gains an electron depending upon the number of electrons present in the outermost shell.
Those atoms which have less than 4 electrons present in the outermost shell will lose all these electrons to attain a stable noble gas configuration.
The distribution of electrons in different shells is called electronic distribution.
The electronic configuration of sodium(11) in different shells is, K=2, L=8, and M =1. Thus it will lose its one electron and attain a valency of +1.
Similarly, The electronic configuration of Magnesium (12) in different shells is, K=2, L=8, and M =2. Thus it will lose its outer two electrons and attain a valency of +2.
And, the electronic configuration of Aluminum in different shells is, K=2, L=8, and M =3. Thus it will lose its 3 electrons and attain a valency of +3.
Understanding the concept: As we know, the number of electrons that participate in bond formation by an atom is called valency.
Metals lose electrons while nonmetals gain electrons to attain a stable noble gas configuration.
Explanation of valency: The electrons are distributed in different shells called orbits or energy levels present around the nucleus of an atom. These energy levels contain a definite number of electrons depending upon the distance from the nucleus of an atom.
According to the octet rule, an atom should complete an outermost shell to attain a stable noble gas configuration. Thus an atom loses its electron or gains an electron depending upon the number of electrons present in the outermost shell.
Those atoms which have less than 4 electrons present in the outermost shell will lose all these electrons to attain a stable noble gas configuration.
The distribution of electrons in different shells is called electronic distribution.
The electronic configuration of sodium(11) in different shells is, K=2, L=8, and M =1. Thus it will lose its one electron and attain a valency of +1.
Similarly, The electronic configuration of Magnesium (12) in different shells is, K=2, L=8, and M =2. Thus it will lose its outer two electrons and attain a valency of +2.
And, the electronic configuration of Aluminum in different shells is, K=2, L=8, and M =3. Thus it will lose its 3 electrons and attain a valency of +3.
