The correct option is
D Phosphate nutrition
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) is formed by the symbiotic association between certain phycomycetous fungi and angiosperm roots. It improves plant growth through phosphorous nutrition. In addition to phosphorous, they also help in the uptake of other nutrient elements. Nutrient absorption by fungal symbionts is due to external hyphae of the fungus proliferating beyond the nutrient depletion zone and reaching the source of nutrients. Mycorrhizal fungi appear to be extremely advantageous to crops grown in soils with low fertility.
So, the correct answer is 'Phosphate nutrition'