Vernier constant is the:

value of one MSD divided by total number of divisions on the main scale.

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value of one VSD divided by total number of divisions on the main scale.

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total number of divisions on the main scale divided by total number of divisions on the vernier scale.

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difference between the value of one main scale division and one vernier scale division.

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Solution

The correct option is D difference between the value of one main scale division and one vernier scale division.
Vernier constant is defined as the difference between the value of one main scale division and one vernier scale division. It is also known as the least count of vernier calliper i.e the minimum length that can be measured accurately using this instrument.
For example: Let say $10 t h$ vernier scale division coincides with the $9 t h$ main scale division
$∴$ Vernier constant $= 1 M . S . D - \frac{9}{10} V . S . D$
$= 1 m m - \frac{9}{10} m m$
$= 0.1 m m$

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