Question

What 5 factors affect Hardy-Weinsberg principle?

Answer 1

Hardy – Weinberg Principle: The principle states that allelic frequency remains constant by generations & gene pool remains constant. This phenomenon is called as genetic equilibrium. Also, all allelic frequencies sum up to 1.

1. Factors affecting the Hardy-Weinberg principle:
   1. Mutation: Mutations in the living entities are referred to as the modification in the genetic information of an organism. These alterations also occur spontaneously if there is an error while copying DNA or if the sequence of DNA comes in contact with a kind of mutagen.
   2. Genetic drift
   3. Natural selection: Nature selects the individual that is fit and leads to survival of the fittest.
   4. Genetic recombination: Prophase I of meiosis I is the unique phase that involves the recombination of genetic material b/w homologous chromosomes.
   5. Gene flow: All such factors contribute to a change in the gene frequency of a species in an area. If few individuals from a species migrate to another place, gene frequency changes again.
2. It decreases from place from where individuals migrates and increase in place they migrate to. If frequency of the genes is high enough in newly migrated land to start a new species, migrated individuals becomes the founder species, and effect is called as the founder effect.
3. Thus, all such mechanisms contribute to process of evolution.