Question

What adjustments would you make for tuning a stringed instrument for it to emit a note of a desired frequency ?

Answer 1

Tuning is the process of adjusting the pitch of one or many tones from musical instruments to establish typical intervals between these tones. Tuning is usually based on a fixed reference.
On a stringed instrument such as a guitar or violin a thinner string will generally make a higher note, but also shortening the string by stopping it with the finger will produce a similar effect. Another factor which produces higher pitched notes is the tension within the vibrating object. A guitar string can be tuned to a higher pitch by adjusting the string tensioner.
To tune an instrument, often only one reference pitch is given. This reference is used to tune one string, to which the other strings are tuned in the desired intervals. On a guitar, often the lowest string is tuned to an E. From this, each successive string can be tuned by fingering the fifth fret of an already tuned string and comparing it with the next higher string played open. This works with the exception of the G string, which must be stopped at the fourth fret to sound B against the open B string above. Alternatively, each string can be tuned to its own reference tone.