Question

Explain all the benefits of mitosis.

Answer 1

Mitosis :-

1. Mitosis is a process of cell division involves the exact replication of parent cell into two identical daughter nuclei.
2. These two daughter nuclei contain the same number of chromosomes as found in the parent cell.
3. The whole process of mitosis is completed into two steps: karyokinesis and cytokinesis.

Karyokinesis

1. The division of nucleus is called karyokinesis.
2. It is completed into following phases:-

Interphase

1. In this phase, cell prepares itself for cell division.
2. In interphase, synthesis of new protein and RNA takes place. Replication of DNA and histone synthesis also occurs.
3. Growth of cytoplasm and their organelles and macromolecules takes place.

Prophase

1. In this phase, the chromosomes composed of two sister chromatids, containing identical genetic information condensed into X-shaped structure.
2. The two sister chromatids paired up together by centromere.
3. The nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappears. Formation of spindle fibres takes place.

Metaphase

1. In this phase, chromosomes becomes more compact and aligned at the equator of the metaphase plate.
2. The centrioles are now at opposite poles of the cell with the mitotic spindle fibres extending from them.

Anaphase

1. In anaphase, centromere of each chromosome permits the separation of two sister chromatids.
2. The sister chromatids are pulled apart by the mitotic spindle which pulls one chromatid to one pole and the other chromatid to the opposite pole.

Telophase

1. Telophase begins with the arrival of daughter chromosomes at the opposites poles.
2. Chromosomes decondense, become thin and form chromatin network.
3. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear and spindle fibres disappears.
4. As a result, two daughter nuclei are formed.

Cytokinesis

1. The division of the cytoplasm and separation of two nuclei of cells is called cytokinesis.
2. Cytokinesis starts in the late telophase stage.
3. In this way, two daughter nuclei are formed which contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Benefits of Mitosis are as follows :-

1. Mitosis is the source of growth and multiplication of cells.
2. It results in the formation of two identical daughter cells, which resembles the parent cell in their genetic contribution.
3. The number of chromosome doesn't differ means, it is always remain same in all the cells produced by mitosis.
4. Mitosis helps in wound healing and regeneration of damaged parts.
5. It helps in replacing the cells of different tissues lost during activity.