Question

What are biomolecules? How are they useful in day-to-day life?

Answer 1

Biological molecules:

1. Biomolecules are organic molecules that are required for the maintenance and metabolism of living creatures.
2. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid are the four types of biological molecules.

Application of biomolecules in day-to-day life:

1. Carbohydrates

• They are organic molecules.
• Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up this compound.
• They are one of the primary sources of energy for our bodies.
• Glucose is the immediate source of energy.
• In-plant tissues, starch serves as a source of energy.
• Glycogen is a type of energy storage found in animals.
• Cellulose is essential for maintaining the structure of the plant cell wall.

2. Lipids

• Lipids are organic compounds.
• They are nonpolar molecules.
• Lipids are important structural elements of cell membranes.
• They serve as energy reservoirs.

3. Proteins

• A polymeric chain of amino acids makes up proteins.
• Proteins are heteropolymers.
• They are composed of 20 different amino acids.
• They transport nutrients across the cell membrane.
• For example - GLUT-4 enables glucose transport in cells.
• Hormones and enzymes are made up of protein.

4. Nucleic acids

• Polynucleotides are the components of nucleic acids.
• A heterocyclic molecule ( nitrogenous bases), a monosaccharide, and phosphoric acid or phosphate make up a nucleotide.
• Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, and thymine are different nitrogenous bases.
• Nucleic acid DNA acts as genetic material.
• Nucleic acids ( DNA and RNA) play role in protein synthesis.