Question

What are biomolecules? How they are useful in day to day life?

Answer 1

Bio molecules are the organic molecules formed in the cells of organisms, these includes proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acid, which are the major class of the biomolecules.

Bio molecules have wide range of structures and sizes perform vast variety of functions in day today life. No organisms exist without the bio molecules as they help in carrying out basic functions of body.

The four most important and major biomolecules are protein, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acid.

Carbohydrates - These are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and are major source of energy. These are the long chains of sugars. Most abundant bio molecule on the earth.

Lipids - These are considered as building blocks of membranes as they separate cells from environment and compartmentalize the interior of cell, which further give rise to cell organelles like mitochondria and nucleus. The lipids are considered as stored energy material and act as chemical messenger. Lipids esters of fatty acids, the fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated. Lipids have polar head and non-polar tail.

Proteins - These are heteroploymer made up of one or more long chain of amino acids, these perform a vast array functions which includes responding to the stimuli, DNA replication and catalyzing metabolic reactions and also provides structure to the organisms. It helps in repairing of tissue , hormone and other chemical messenger.

Nucleic acid - These are made up of polymer of nucleotide and have hetero cyclic ring. These contains pentose sugar, nitrogen bases and phosphate group. Nucleic acid includes DNA and RNA

Usually DNA stores genetic information of the organisms, while RNA helps in the synthesis of protein by transcription and translation.