What are chromosomes? Explain how in sexually reproducing organisms the number of chromosomes in the progeny is maintained.

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Solution

Chromosomes are the thread like structures having DNA and associated proteins. They transfer hereditary characters to offsprings. Sexual reproduction includes gametogenesis via meiosis and random fertilization of male and female gametes. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number to half in gametes and fertilization restores the somatic chromosome number in the zygote.

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How do organisms, whether reproduced asexually or sexually maintain constant chromosome numbers throughout several generations?

The normal number of chromosomes in the progeny is maintained when the germ cells:

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