Fermenters are the vessels used to culture bacteria on a large scale.
This is a sealed, sterilized vessel that preserves ideal conditions for microbial development.
Fermenters are also utilized in the dairy, food and beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, among other things.
Fermenters, known as stirred-tank bioreactors, are tanks used to grow heterotrophic microalgae.
Eukaryotic microalgae grow in a bioreactor with lower mixing intensity, while prokaryotic microalgae grow in a fermenter with higher mixing intensity.
The cells are kept in suspension in the production medium in commercial-scale lactic acid bacterial operations by mixing with mechanical agitators or pumping the medium from the bottom to the top of the fermenter.