These are present in 6th period of periodic table. The lanthanide series consists of a total of 14 elements from (Cerium) 58 Ce to (Leutetium) 71 Lu. They are also called as lanthanoids or rare earth elements as they occurs scarcely in the earth's crust.
In general, their outermost
Electronic configuration is 4fā1– 14 6s2
Due to lanthanoid contraction, there is a gradual decrease in atomic and ionic radii with increase in
atomic number.
The lanthanoids exhibit mainly +3 oxidation state. However, sometimes +2 and +4 oxidation states
are also exhibited.