Question

What are specific chemical properties of heteroatoms and what is heteroatom?

Answer 1

The atom of an element other than carbon and hydrogen which replace one or more hydrogen atom in the hydrocarbon chain called heteroatom.
the compound acquires specific chemical properties due to this hetero atom or group of atoms that contain a heteroatom, irrespective of the length and nature of the carbon chain in the compound therefore the group of atoms containing heteroatom called a functional group.

Typical heteroatoms are nitrogen(N), oxygen(O), phosphorus(P), sulphur(S), chlorine(Cl), bromine(Br) and iodine(I).