Question

What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.

Answer 1

Stomata:

1. The epidermis of leaves has tiny pores like features through which passage of gases and water takes place is, termed stomata.
2. Each stoma comprises two bean-shaped cells called guard cells that surround the stomatal pore.
3. The inside walls of guard cells are thicker, while the exterior walls are thin.
4. Guard cells have chloroplasts and regulate the opening and shutting of stomata.
5. Occasionally, a few epidermal cells near the guard cells become specialized in shape and size and are referred to as subsidiary cells.
6. Stomatal apparatus refers to the stomatal opening, guard cells, and surrounding subsidiary cells.

Functions of stomata:

1. The process of transpiration is regulated by stomata.
2. Stomata regulate gaseous exchange in the leaves.