It refers to the biological transformation of a species across an entire period.
The three principles influencing evolution are:
Variation: It refers to any difference between the individuals in a species or groups of organisms of any species.
Heredity: heredity refers to the passing of genetic factors from parents to offspring or from one generation to the next.
Struggle for existence: It determines the variations that will confer advantages in a given environment, thus altering species through a selective reproductive rate.