Question

What are the 3 stages of translation?

Answer 1

Translation:

1. The translation is processing the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
2. Translation of an mRNA molecule by the ribosome occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.

• Stage 1: Initiation: At this stage, small ribosomal subunits bind to the beginning of the mRNA sequence.

1. A transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule that carries methionine (amino acid) binds to the start codon of the mRNA sequence.
2. The start codon of every mRNA molecule has an AUG sequence and encodes methionine.
3. The large ribosomal subunits then bind to form a complete initiation complex.

• Stage 2: Elongation: In this stage, the ribosome continues to translate each codon in turn.

1. Each corresponding amino acid is added to the growing chain and bound by peptide bonds.
2. Elongation continues until all codons have been read.

• Stage 3: termination: In this final stage, termination occurs when the ribosome reaches the stop codon (UAA, UAG, and UGA).

1. The ribosome recognizes that translation is complete because there are no tRNA molecules that can recognize these codons.
2. Next, new proteins are formed and the translation complex is broken down.