Question

What are the five atomic models?

Answer 1

The five main atomic models are:

Dalton's atomic model

1. It was put forward by the English physicist and chemist John Dalton.
2. It stated that matter is made up of small indivisible particles called ‘atoms’.
3. According to this theory, all substances are made up of atoms, which are indivisible and indestructible.
4. While atoms of same element has same size and mass, atoms of different elements have different size and mass.

Thomson's model of atom

1. It was put forward by J.J. Thomson.
2. It was also called plum pudding model.
3. This model explained the inner structure of atom theoretically.
4. According to Thomson, an atom resembles a sphere of positive charges with electrons distributed inside it.
5. Here, positive and negative charges are equal in magnitude and therefore an atom is electrically neutral.

Rutherford atomic model

1. It was put forward by the British scientist Ernest Rutherford.
2. The model by Thomson was not able to explain certain results associated with the atomic structure of elements, so this model came into existence.
3. This model described atom a s a tiny, dense, positively charged core called nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated , around which the negatively charged electrons circulate like planets moving around the sun.

Bohr's Model

1. It was put forward by the Danish physicist Neil Bohr.
2. It is similar to Rutherford model.
3. The Bohr model is a planetary model in which negatively charged particles orbit positively charged nucleus similar to planets orbiting the sun.
4. Coulomb force exists between these positive and negative particles.

Quantum atomic model

1. It was put forward by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger.
2. It stated that the behavior of atoms can be explained more clearly by treating them mathematically as matter waves.
3. This model is called quantum mechanical or wave mechanical model