Fruit is the seed or seeds-enclosed, pulpy or dry, ripened ovary portion of a flowering plant. Examples of fruits are apricots, bananas, and grapes, along with corn grains, bean pods, tomatoes, cucumbers, acorns, and almonds.
Fruit farming involves the care of fruits as well as their cultivation.
Fruit processing is the process of treating the nutritious makeup of fruits. Fruits with high sugar content and pulp attract a variety of animals, and these animals spread fruit seeds to new areas.
Non-fleshy fruits have diverse methods for distributing their seeds. Some plants allow fruit development without fertilization. These fruits have no seeds because of a process known as parthenocarpy.
Pome, drupe, berry, aggregate fruit, legumes, capsules, nuts, and multiple fruits are different categories of fruits.
Classification of Fruits
There are basically two classification for fruits.
One is by determining whether the carpels present in gynoecium are free or in a fused state.
And another is by determining whether one or more flowers take part in the formation of fruit.
Types of Fruits:
Simple Fruit: Simple fruits are the sole fruits that are produced by the gynoecium and are those that emerge from monocarpellary or multicarpellary syncarpous ovaries. Examples: apple, papaya, plum, etc.
Aggregate Fruits: The several fruit species that develop from the multicarpellary apocarpous ovary are known as aggregate fruits. Because the apocarpous ovary separates the carpels from one another, this fruit develops as a fruitlet. A group of fruits known as etaerio is created when aggregate fruits are combined. Examples: blackberry, strawberry, etc.
Composite Fruits: The majority of composite fruits are bogus fruits. Ovaries and other floral components are typically joined to create composite fruits. Examples: pineapple, mulberry, etc.
Fleshy fruits:When the ovary reaches maturity, the pericarp of these fruits becomes meaty. There is a lot of soft succulent tissue in it. Examples include apricot, tomato, olive, etc.
Dry fruits: Their fruit is surrounded by papery, leathery, or wooden walls. Examples include raisins and dates. Simple fleshy fruits come in a variety of varieties, such as berries, drupes, pomes, hips, pepo, etc.
Berry: One ovary gives rise to one berry. At the moment of maturity, the ovary's carpel wall fully develops flesh. Each species has a different range of carpels, ranging from one to numerous. They may have thin, delicate skin or thin, robust skin. Additionally, the number of seeds per carpel increases from one to several. All berries have fleshy tissue called the carpel that serves as a home for the seeds. Grapes and tomatoes, for instance.
Drupe: These luscious fruits feature a hard shell that protects a seed. Drupes are protected by a thin skin made from the ovary's outer tissue layer. The inner layer of the ovary produces the hard stony pit and the intermediate layer of the ovary produces the soft squishy tissue under the skin. Drupes with fibrous walls make up coconuts.