A chemical bond is a force of attraction between atoms or ions. Bonds form when atoms share or transfer valence electrons.
Atoms form chemical bonds to achieve a full outer energy level, which is the most stable arrangement of electrons.
There are three different types of chemical bonds: covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds.
1) A covalent bond is the force of attraction that holds together two nonmetal atoms that share a pair of electrons. One electron is provided by each atom, and the pair of electrons is attracted to the positive nuclei of both atoms. The water molecule contains covalent bonds.
2) An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds form crystals instead of molecules. Table salt contains ionic bonds.
3) A metallic bond is the force of attraction between a positive metal ion and the valence electrons that surround it—both its own valence electrons and those of other ions of the same metal. The ions and electrons form a lattice-like structure. Only metals form metallic bonds.