Question

What are the Assisted Reproductive Techniques practised to help infertile couples? Describe any three techniques.

Answer 1

Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART):

The infertile couples are assisted with advanced medical support to have children through certain special techniques, commonly referred to as assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
The assisted reproductive techniques performed include the following:

$\bullet$ In vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer

$\circ$ Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT)

$\circ$ Intrauterine transfer (IUT)

$\bullet$ Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT)

$\bullet$ Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

$\bullet$ Artificial insemination (AI)

$\circ$ Intra-uterine insemination (IUI)

In vitro fertilisation (IVF):


In vitro fertilisation is a technique in which the semen from the male partner and egg from the female partner are collected and allowed to fertilise outside the female body in a test tube. The fertilised ovum is then transferred to the reproductive tract of the female by any of the following methods:

$\circ$ Zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT):

In this method, the zygote formed after in vitro fertilisation or early embryo with less than 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube.

$\circ$ Intra uterine transfer (IUT):

In this method, embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterus.



Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT):



Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) is a technique in which the functional ovum from a donor female is transferred to the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce ovum but can provide the suitable environment for further development.

Artificial insemination (AI):



Artificial insemination (AI) is the technique in which the semen collected from the donor male is directly injected either into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI: Intra-uterine insemination) of the female partner.