Question

What are the characteristic features of Rutherford model of an atom ? What is the limitation of this model ?

Answer 1

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF RUTHERFORD'S ATOMIC MODEL

1. The atom consists of a positively charged center called the nucleus.
2. Most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
3. The size (or volume) of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size (or volume) of the atom.
4. The nucleus is surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The electrons balance the positive charge of the nucleus. Therefore, the number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons in it.
5. The magnitude of the positive charge on the nucleus is different for different atoms.
6. The electrons are not stationary but they are revolving around the nucleus at very high speeds like planets revolving around the sun. As a result, the electrons are also known as planetary electrons.

LIMITATIONS OF RUTHERFORD'S ATOMIC MODEL

1. A major drawback of Rutherford's model of an atom is that it does not explain the stability of the atom.
2. If we apply electromagnetic theory to Rutherford's model of an atom, it will mean that the negatively charged electrons revolving around the nucleus will also radiate energy continuously.
3. The electron will lose energy at every turn and move closer and closer to the nucleus.
4. It will take a spiral path and will ultimately fall into the nucleus.
5. However, this never happens.
6. Therefore, Rutherford's model cannot explain the stability of an atom.