Question

What are the conditions for a species to act as a donor and an acceptor during dative bond formation?

Answer 1

During a dative bond formation, the species acting as a donor must have a lone pair of electron that is provided to the other atom for formation of bond, e.g., $N{H}_3,H_{2}O$. The donor atom should be short of at least one pair of electrons and thus is able to receive the lone pair of electrons from the donor atom and enhance its stability