What are the conditions necessary for the formation of an electrovalent bond ?
What are the conditions necessary for the formation of an electrovalent bond ?
Conditions:
1. Metal lose e- to form cation (positive ion)
2. Non-metal gain e- to form anion (negative ion)
3. Electrostatic force attraction between the opposite charged ions.
4. Electronegativity difference is more than 1.7
The electrostatic force of attraction which holds the oppositely charged ions together is known as ionic bond or electrovalent bond.
In ionic bond one element loses electrons and acquire positive charge while the other element gains electrons and becomes negatively charged. Due to opposite charges an electrostatic force develops between them and hold these ions together. It is this electrostatic force which is called electrovalent bond.
For the formation of ionic bond one element must lose electron easily that is it should have low ionisation energy and the other element must have high tendency to gain electron (high electron gain enthalpy).
For example we take the case of formation of NaCl.
Electronic configuration of sodium (atomic number = 11) is 2,8,1
It has one valence electron i.e. if it looses 1 e-it will acquire noble gas configuration.
Due to low ionisation energy sodium (Na) loose 1 electron and form Na+ .
Similarly Chlorine (atomic number = 17) has electronic configuration 2,8,7.
Cl need one electron to complete its octet. Thus it gains 1 electron and form Cl-.
These two ions (Na+ and Cl-) are then held together by electrostatic forces of attraction which constitute the ionic bond.
Conditions:
1. Metal lose e- to form cation (positive ion)
2. Non-metal gain e- to form anion (negative ion)
3. Electrostatic force attraction between the opposite charged ions.
4. Electronegativity difference is more than 1.7
The electrostatic force of attraction which holds the oppositely charged ions together is known as ionic bond or electrovalent bond.
In ionic bond one element loses electrons and acquire positive charge while the other element gains electrons and becomes negatively charged. Due to opposite charges an electrostatic force develops between them and hold these ions together. It is this electrostatic force which is called electrovalent bond.
For the formation of ionic bond one element must lose electron easily that is it should have low ionisation energy and the other element must have high tendency to gain electron (high electron gain enthalpy).
For example we take the case of formation of NaCl.
Electronic configuration of sodium (atomic number = 11) is 2,8,1
It has one valence electron i.e. if it looses 1 e-it will acquire noble gas configuration.
Due to low ionisation energy sodium (Na) loose 1 electron and form Na+ .
Similarly Chlorine (atomic number = 17) has electronic configuration 2,8,7.
Cl need one electron to complete its octet. Thus it gains 1 electron and form Cl-.
These two ions (Na+ and Cl-) are then held together by electrostatic forces of attraction which constitute the ionic bond.
