Question

What are the differences between hydration, hydrolysis, and condensation?

Answer 1

The differences between hydration, hydrolysis, and condensation are discussed below:

Hydrolysis	Hydration	Condensation
The reaction in which a salt reacts with water in order to form acidic/basic solution is known as the Hydrolysis reaction.	Hydration is defined as the reaction in which water is added to ions/molecules.	Condensation is the method that involves elimination of small molecules such as water.
Example: Hydrolysis of an ester yields an acid and an alcohol. The chemical equation can be depicted as: ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{COOCH}}_3+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}}{\rightleftharpoons }{\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{COOH}+{\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{OH}$	Example: When anhydrous Copper sulfate $\left({\mathrm{CuSO}}_4\right)$ reacts with water$\left({\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\right)$, hydrated copper sulfate ${\mathrm{CuSO}}_4.5{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$ is formed. The chemical equation can be depicted as: ${\mathrm{CuSO}}_4\left(\mathrm{s}\right)+5{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right)\to {\mathrm{CuSO}}_4.5{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)$	Example: Methanol$\left({\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{OH}\right)$ reacts with butanoic acid$\left({\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{COOH}\right)$ , ester methyl butanoate$\left({\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{COOCH}}_3\right)$ is formed. The chemical reaction can be depicted as: ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{OH}+{\mathrm{HOOCCH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_3\to {\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{COOCH}}_3+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$
No by-products are formed in Hydrolysis.	No by-products are formed in the Hydration reaction.	Elimination of small molecules takes place in condensation.
Hydrolysis breaks down the complex molecule into simpler ones.	In Hydration, hydrated compounds are formed from dehydrated compounds.	In a condensation reaction, small molecules get eliminated.