Question

What are the factors affecting the functioning of kidneys?

Answer 1

The most common causes are high blood pressure and diabetes.

Each kidney contains about 1 million tiny filtering units, called nephrons. Any disease that injures or scars the nephrons can cause kidney disease.

Diabetes and high blood pressure can both damage your nephrons.
High blood pressure can also damage the blood vessels of your kidneys, heart, and brain. The kidneys are highly vascularized, meaning they contain lots of blood vessels. So, blood vessel diseases are generally dangerous to your kidneys.

Autoimmune diseases such as lupus can damage blood vessels and can make antibodies against kidney tissue.