Question

What are the functions of an ecosystem?

Answer 1

Ecosystem:

1. An ecosystem can be visualized as a functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment.
2. The terrestrial ( such as grasslands) and aquatic ecosystems ( such as rivers) are the two primary types of ecosystems.
3. The ecosystem consists of various non-living, abiotic, and living biotic components

Functions of the ecosystem:

1. Productivity and Energy flow

• The rate of biomass production per unit area is called productivity.
• The energy behavior in the ecosystem is referred to as energy flow because energy transformations are directional.
• Solar energy conversion by photosynthesis is the starting point of energy flow within ecosystems.

2. Nutrient cycling

• .It is the movement of matter through the system.
• Gaseous cycle ( for eg, carbon cycle)
• Sedimentary cycle ( for eg, the sulfur cycle)

3. Decomposition

• Decomposers ( such as earthworms) break down complex organic matter into inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients, and the process is called decomposition.
• Fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification, and mineralization are all critical processes in the breakdown process.

4. Water dynamics

• Water availability is one of the crucial factors for controlling species distribution in terrestrial ecosystems.